Storm King Mountain Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Storm King Mountain Case - Essay Example ged use of aggressive tactics, and were categorized as ‘watch out situations,’ the firefighters continued to take the bold step of building fire line downhill upon receiving confirmation from their leader, Mackey, that the area was good enough with less vegetation, and not much risk from existing fire. The crew members relied completely on Mackey’s judgment as they trusted in his abilities more than their conviction of adhering to the guidelines. Attributable to their can-do attitude, the firefighters ignored most of the rules because their ultimate aim was to stop fire from spreading. They did not regard these guidelines as procedures to be used in firefighting; rather, they relied more on their critical judgment based on experience and situational constraints. Hackman and Oldham’s Job Characteristics Model (JCM) explains employee behavior based on four motivational aspects namely, job characteristics, critical psychological states, personal and work outcomes and growth-need strength. The JCM framework helps in understanding managerial functions as well as the psychological processes associated with work that are associated with employee behavior and outcome of employee actions. This model emphasizes the role of job design that ultimately leads to experienced meaningfulness of work, experienced responsibility for the outcomes, and knowledge of the results of work activities (Debnath, Tandon & Pointer, 2007). A team leader can determine what skills would be best to perform a specific job and deploy staff accordingly. In addition, the task to be performed needs to be identified in advance besides having complete understanding of how the task or job impacts the employees and/or other stake holders. Identification of skills and tasks to be accomplished will also help the leader assess the extent to which the staff may be empowered to take their own decisions. While autonomy is an effective way to motivate staff, the level of autonomy requires a

United States V. Aluminum Co. Of America Essay Example for Free

United States V. Aluminum Co. Of America Essay United States V. Aluminum Co. Of America Introduction Case overview                   The United States V. Aluminum Co. Of America was a case that involved the federal government of the United States of America against the Aluminum Company of America and its subsidiaries. As the plaintiff, the federal government accused the company and one of its subsidiaries of conspiring with other foreign entities to establish a monopoly in the aluminum market both in the United States and abroad. Jointly with a Canadian company namely aluminum limited, the Aluminum Company of America was accused of forming a cartel known as The Alliance. According to the terms of the agreement signed in 1931, the shares of the resulting company were issued to the signatories accompanied by a production quota for every share held. Moreover, the alliance was free to sell its products at any price that it considers fair and no party to the agreement were supposed to sell or buy aluminum from anyone who was not a member of the alliance (Hall, 37). A second agreement that was signed by the parties in 1936 abandoned the earlier system of unconditional quotas and replaced it with royalty system. Although the United States was not included in the quotas in the first agreement, the members of the alliance included it in the second agreement. Based on this, the federal government of the united states of American instituted legal proceedings against the aluminum company of America and aluminum limited of Canada. In its presentation, the federal government accused the two companies of violating the Sherman act which prohibits companies from eng aging in contracts and alliances that are aimed at restraining trade among states or overseas countries.                   The trial commenced on June 1st 1938 in the district court and it lasted for four years. After listening to the arguments made by the parties, the court dismissed the case. In his ruling, the judged stated that the actions of the company did not violate the Sherman Act nor did they restrict aluminum trade among the states and in foreign markets. According to the evidence produced before him, the judge also noted that the large market share enjoyed by the company was as a result of its ability to predict changes in the market coupled with its superior marketing and distribution strategies. After the case was dismissed by the district court, the plaintiff filed for an appeal. Initially, the appeal was supposed to be handled by the United States Supreme Court but was moved to the Court of Appeals (Hand, et al, 36). This transfer resulted from the fact the Supreme Court could not attain the required quorum of six judges to listen to the case. In delivering t heir judgment, the circuit judges stated that although the agreements made by shareholders of the alliance were made abroad, they affected aluminum imports in America. Based on this, the court of appeals overruled the earlier judgment of the district court and declared actions of the Aluminum Company of America and its associates illegal. A summary of the legal issues in the case                   There were four major legal issues that arose during the case. The first legal issue was whether the Aluminum Company of America gained monopoly over the virgin aluminum ingot unfairly. Since its early years, the company had been in the business of producing and selling ingot aluminum. The company employed traditional techniques of mining and melting aluminum until 1892 when Bradley discovered that smelting could be done without using external heat. This technique promised a big economy in the production of aluminum. So that the aluminum company of America could get permission to use this technique, it entered into an agreement with Bradley (Hand, et al, 53). According to the terms of this agreement, the company would Bradley’s technology to manufacture Aluminum and in return, sell the assignee an unspecified amount of aluminum at a discount below its market prices. Aluminum extraction is a process that consumes a lot of electricity. Based on this , the American aluminum company contracted the major power suppliers. According to the terms of the contract, these power companies were not supposed to sell power to any other company that is involved in the manufacture of aluminum. These two acts made the company the sole largest producer of aluminum in the country. The main legal issue here was to determine whether the monopoly enjoyed by the company resulting from these two agreements was legal or not.                   The second legal issue that arose in the proceedings was whether the aluminum company of America was guilty of being involved in illegal activities; it established its monopoly in the aluminum business in America. In its application, the federal government of the United States wanted the court to find the activities of defendant unlawful not only because they played a role in the establishment of its monopoly but also they were designed to suppress its competitors. This issue was divided into three broad categories. The first category was to consider the preemption of water vapor and the bauxite deposits (Hall, 36). The Aluminum Company of America and its overseas subsidiaries bought up all bauxite deposits in all the major sources including Arkansas and other overseas sources. The plaintiff argued that the company bought more bauxite than it needed showing that the purchase was not for ensuring enough supply but locking out competitors. The second categ ory was to consider the suppression of other players in the aluminum industry and fabricated goods. As noted earlier in the paper, the Aluminum Company of America contracted the major power companies to supply it with power. In the contract, the power companies were not supposed to sell power to other players in the aluminum business. Moreover, the company also bough interests in two aluminum companies in Norway. The third category of issues was the domination the aluminum market especially cables and sheets. The plaintiff argued that the Aluminum Company of America used unlawful tactics to penetrate the control the market for fabricated aluminum products. This was done in three main ways that included buying many shares in the Aluminum Manufacturers and Inc., Aluminum Castings Company, using price squeeze and through the Piston Patent Pool.                   The third legal issue in the case was whether The Aluminum Company of America together with its subsidiaries were in an illegal conspiracy, and whether or not the company was also in conspiracies with other foreign aluminum manufacturers. The Aluminum Company of America was incorporated in 1928 with the aim of coming with subsidiaries to take over the operations of the company abroad. In place of all the possessions conveyed, the company issued all its common shares top its common shareholders in the ratio of one share for every three held. This tactic was meant to ensure that the beneficial ownership of the company remained as it had been previously. The court needed to determine whether these actions were legal business strategies or were conspiracies aimed at monopolizing the aluminum market in the United States and abroad (Wang, 73).                   The final legal issue in the case was establishing the right remedy in the case of every defendant who may be found guilty of violating the Sherman Act. About five years had passed since the proceedings started and many changes had taken place in the aluminum industry in America. Based on this, it was hard for the court to dispose the case on the basis of the basis of the existing judicial record. According to the presentations made by the plaintiff, the court should dissolve the defendant. Summary of any economic analysis relevant to the case                   The first economic analysis relevant to this case is the rise of monopoly and the effects it has on a country’s economy. As noted earlier in the paper, The Aluminum Company of America implemented a number of measures that saw it rise into a dominant player in the aluminum industry. Monopolies are not illegal but they must be established through lawful and competitive ways. More specifically, monopolies should not arise from a company’s competitiveness but not from conspiracies and other illegal acts (Hall, 28). No company should enjoy the unchallenged economic power in any industry because it discourages economic growth and slows economic growth. Even if monopolies are achieved lawfully, they should be discouraged regardless of their economic results. This would be inline with the Sherman act that was mainly aimed at putting an end to aggregations of capital because it made individuals helpless. Moreover, it gave large organizations an oppo rtunity to exploit customers. The outcome of the case                   The case was heard by two different courts. Initially, the case was handled by the district court before moving to the court of appeals. In the district court, the judge rules that the defendant was not guilty of engaging in a conspiracy with its subsidiaries to manipulate the American aluminum industry through a monopoly. The judge noted that the company success and dominance enjoyed by The Aluminum Company of America was a result of its superior business strategies compared to its competitors. Based on this, the court ruled that the actions of the company did violate the Sherman Act (Hand et al, 25). The plaintiff was not satisfied with this judgment and appealed it. Initially, the case was to be heard in the Supreme Court but was moved to the court of appeals after the Supreme Court failed to raise enough number of judges to listen to it.                   After listening to all the submissions presented before it, the Supreme Court made its final judgment four years after the case was initiated. In the judgment, the judges ruled that states could impose liabilities even to parties that are not within its allegiance. Based on the provisions of the Sherman act, the court ruled that the agreements entered into by The Aluminum Company of America in 1931 and 1936 were unlawful because they were meant to affect aluminum imports into the country. Moreover, the court indicated that the main aim of the Sherman act was to ensure that all the factors that play a role in determining prices should be kept free. Based on this, the court ruled that the actions of the aluminum company of America and its partners violated the Sherman act. Consequently, the court of appeal overturned the earlier ruling made by the district court. Conclusion                   In conclusion, The United States V. Aluminum Co. Of America was a case that was initiated by the federal government of the United States against the Aluminums Company of America and its partners. In filing the case, the plaintiff accused the defendant and its other partners of entering into business agreements aimed at establishing a monopoly in the aluminum market both in the United States and abroad (Wang, 38). According to the federal government, these actions were illegal because they were in violation of the Sherman act. This act prohibits companies from engaging in contracts and alliances that are aimed at restraining trade among states or overseas countries.                   There were four major legal issues in the case. The first legal issue was whether the Aluminum Company of America gained monopoly over the virgin aluminum ingot unfairly. The second legal issue that arose in the proceedings was whether the aluminum company of America was guilty of being involved in illegal activities. The other legal issue was whether The Aluminum Company of America together with its subsidiaries were in an illegal conspiracy, and whether or not the company was also in conspiracies with other foreign aluminum manufacturers. The final legal issue in the case was establishing the right remedy in the case of every defendant who may be found guilty of violating the Sherman Act.                   In its final ruling, the court of appeals overturned the ruling of the district court and found the actions of Aluminum Company of America and its subsidiaries illegal and to be in violation of the Sherman act. References Hall., K. L. The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. Oxford University Press, 2005. Print Hand, L., Swan, Augustus N. Hand. UNITED STATES v. ALUMINUM CO. OF AMERICA et al. No. 144. Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit. March 12, 1945. Web Wang, Zhigang. International Harmonization of Competition Laws. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 1995. 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Bosnia-Hercegovina :: World History Essays

Bosnia-Hercegovina Missing Works Cited The origin of the arms with the argent between 6 fleur-de-lys, which is now on the flag of the republic of Bosnia-Hercegovina, has long puzzled me, but they are in fact the arms of the Kotromanic family, which ruled Bosnia in the 14th and 1 5th centuries. Other arms have also been attributed to Bosnia in the 19th century. I finally thought of a way to get at this question of the origin of the current Bosnian flag: numismatics, of course. I found a book by one Ivan Rengjeo, Corpus der mittel-alterlichen Mnnzen von Kroatien, Slavonien, Dalmatien und Bosnien, Graz, 1959, which is as exhaustive as you can get on the topic (coins from those regions, that is). I have also consulted an article by Pavao Andelic on Medieval Seals of Bosnia-Hercegovina, in the monograph series of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia-Hercegovina (Sarajevo, 1970),but it is in Serbo-Croat, so I can only look at the (numerous) illustra tions. What follows is a historical/heraldic account, pieced together from these sources, and a few encyclopedias. Bosnia was dominated alternatively by Serbia and, from the 12th c. onward, by Croatia (in personal union with Hungary) until the early 14th c. Typically, the king of Hungary and Croatia appointed bans, or local governors; and, in typical medieval fashion, these bans took advantage of any weakness of the central monarchy to carve out territories for themselves. In the early 14th c., the ban of Croatia was Pavao (Paul) Subic of Brebir or Breberio (a town in Dalmatia which was given to the family in 1222): his father and grandfather were counts or Trau or Trogir, his cousins were counts of Spalato or Split. This p owerful man titles himself ban of Croatia and dominus Bosniae, and appoints his brother Mladen I Subic (1302-04) and later his eldest son Mladen II (1312-14) as ban of Bosnia. His second son Georg was count of Trau and Split, his third son Pavao was count of Trau. By the third generation, however, the family had lost its power. This first dynasty of bans issued byzantine-style coins, with no heraldry. Their seals, however, show the Subic arms: an eagle wing displayed, and 5 flowers with stems as crest (mi sread by Siebmacher as ostrich-feathers). The style of the arms is very German, with the shield tilted to the left, a German helm, lambrequins, and a crest. There are no tinctures, but a junior branch issued from Pavao count of Trau, the Subic de Zrin, bo re Gules, two wings sable (an interesting violation of the s -called tincture rule).

Artifacts

The life of everyday 2012 Americans would be massively effected if they had no cellular phones. Since cellular phones were considered advanced back then they could carry â€Å"APS† and â€Å"the internet†, with these two things humans could most likely do almost everything from their phone, except eat and drink. Most everyone in 2012 has a phone for communication purposes, since people travel far away and do not stay close to the home. Although a cellular phone was a status symbol, It was also seed to take â€Å"pictures†, and to decorate, in 2012 they had things called â€Å"phone cases† and â€Å"phone charms†.This Just fed into the obsession with the use for cellular phones and other technologies. Cellular Phones challenge the Christian faith because they are such a temptation. Since Americans got all the worlds information to their phones, they kept their cellular phones close. They left these devices on loud ringers too, this way they were noti fied when a text came up, or something In their social media circle. But 2012 Christians should be more focused on serving the Lord's will, rather than satisfying their need to stay â€Å"updated†.In the more ancient Roman times, the Christian were faced with the dawning task of trying to â€Å"fit in† with the regular society, so they had to pretend to worship false idols. But the Ancient Roman Christians rose above that, they knew that with the help of God that life would learn to accept Christianity as a real religion. Roman Christian would just have to remain faithful to God and know that it is in his will that they learn o resist temptations and to stay faithful even through the persecution. My second artifact that I uncovered was a â€Å"Cool Story BRB. Tell it again. † Sweatshirt.This sweatshirt represents clothing that Americans wore in 2012, this would also be considered Ideas and Values. These types of sweatshirts were used to gain attention, both posi tive and negative, with a catchy slogan. This effects the dally lives of Americans living In 2012 because sweatshirts, were used for warmth. But they could serve another purpose too, living in 2012 the world was all about fashion, so any people wore sweatshirts with catchy slogans because it was â€Å"hip† The main reason it was a challenge to the lives of Christians living in 2012 was because the slogan â€Å"Cool Story BRB.Tell it Again. † is supposed to make the person telling the long and uninteresting thing feel like their words were not important. So their words feel less important with such a rude phrase. Ancient Roman Christians must have felt the same way because since they lived in a time were false idols were constantly being worshiped, believing in a Heavenly Father made them unimportant. Ancient Romans treated the Christian word like we do now with that catchy slogan; they denounce all meaning in our messages, our prophets, and our bible verses.The Christi ans rose above all the hate and mean glares that were given to them in Ancient Roman times, so it should be easier for Christians in 2012 to be able to turn their heads away from the fallen decedents of Jesus Christ. It is only God's will if people want to reject our messages, and our teachings. We will always as Christians stay faithful no matter what, and continue to speak of God's Grace. The third and final artifact that I discovered is a women fragrance, names â€Å"Rubble† by Ranch.This artifact goes under social life, and ideas and values. In 2012, women were obsessed with smelling good, it was not uncommon for one women to have more than 3 perfumes in her bathroom or bedroom. This was all because of the idea that women must smell good, to be attractive; of course there were other things women had to suffer through to be considered attractive. But none the less, women were objectified to be a perfect person. This posed a challenge to Christians and their faith because; Christian women would not be focused on achieving preferences.The only one who can be perfect is God, who made us, and teaches us daily. Although it was tempting for Christian women to object themselves to the culture around them, they knew that in the end it wouldn't be the preferences that got them to heaven, and that they wouldn't be Judge on their appearance. In the end Christian women knew that they must stay faithful to God, and know that he is the only one who Judges us in the end. In Ancient Roman times, women-not Just Christian- were faced with the same reality.The cultures around them made everyone think that women have to be a certain way to be beautiful, this has been etched out through all of time since Adam and Eve, and the dinosaurs. Christian women of faith should not be discouraged by the perfect image formed by society and pop culture. They should only strengthen their faith, becoming closer with God. God doesn't see you as you, he sees you as the person he created , and a loving human being. God is the only one who Judges you when you leave this world, so why should you care who Judges you in this world? Artifacts They include tools, dwellings, artifacts, war machinery and music instruments among others. Material culture advanced at different speeds in different communities depending major on the needs of the community at that particular time and technological ability. Building structures such as homes and roads, which are products of architecture, provide the major contribution to material culture. This brings out clearly the importance of architecture in the development of material culture, and the same way, material culture is so important in architecture and other fields as discussed below.For architects, material culture can be a great source of inspiration in designing of buildings. Many architectural designs source their inspiration from the material culture of a society. Physical cultural elements such as the African hut, the gourd, the African pot and the African mat have inspired African architecture. A good number of buildings in Africa have their inspiration from very old buildings in Asia and Europe, mostly religious places of worship such as the churches and mosques, almost all mosques have a similar design that traces its origin way back in the Asian countries where McHugh style of architecture was plopped.Such are forms of material culture as they played a central role in defining the religion of the people during that time. Since material culture is tangible, and in most cases very durable, it provides a concrete support and evidence in proving historical facts. By collecting and studying material culture, historians are able to validate and prove their claims. In the study of the origin of man, Charles Darwin could have not in any way convinced a single person that man evolved from the same evolutionary path as primates.But through the evidence gathered from the mains of the stone tools and artifacts at the areas belied to have been the dwellings of the early man, it was much easier for him to prove his point that man evolved from apes. Material culture enables us to gauge the level of development of a people. In the modern world, there exists a different level of gauging the development of societies I. E. The developed countries such as USA china, Japan and Britain, the developing countries such as Brazil Kenya and south Africa and also the third world countries.What leads to such difference in classification is mainly the kind of materials these societies use and their technological advancement. We are able to measure how advanced the ancient societies were through the study of their material culture, for example the early civilizations such as Mesopotamia and Egypt, through studying the remains of their agricultural tools, we are able to comfortably conclude that such civilizations had sophisticated technology as per that time. In the more recent societies of Rome and Jerusalem, by getting knowledge of their architecture, we find how much they were technologically advanced.This is important in that it gives us onscreen evidence to use in gauging the level of development of a people. Material culture is a source of heritage and pride of a people. The tangible evidence of the technological advancement is a source of pride as a heritage of a people, historic buildings and artifacts owned by a society provides them with something to show off their history and advancement in various fields of Science and Mathematics. For example the Fort Jesus building in Lama, the Geed ruins, these are sources of pride for Kenya as they are historical places that define the history of Kenya.Famous old buildings such as the Dome of the Rock located on the Temple Mount in the old City of Jerusalem, SST. Pewter's Basilica in Rome, Italy, Acropolis of Athens, the Pantheon in Rome, the Parthenon in Athens, Decent Mosque in Mali, the Great Pyramids of Egypt and Haggis Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey are great heritages of the communities that associate with them and the countries in which they have been in existence for centuries. They are a source of pride and give a visual impression of the history of the people in those places. References; www. Du. Com

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay

Title Assignment topic 1) What are your preferred definitions of business ethics and social responsibility Why have you chosen these definitions 2) What is one key issue in the area of business ethics and social responsibility that is relevant, currently, to your organisation and your industry (You need to explain the issue and show its relevance to your organisation/industry) 3) What strategies could your organisation adopt to address this issue (You need to explain these fully) Word count Words Executive Summary There have been drastic changes today that have and continue to influence business ethics. However, organizations are lagging behind these changes or simply ignoring business ethics all together. Recent companies have failed to practice business ethics and social responsibility as their primary aim remains on making profits. The issue is that in fact, management have been blindsided by their need to make monies under whatever circumstances necessary which usually constitut es for foregoing ethical practices. The most credible of organisations and employees have indeed professional integrity and have been reliant on a code of ethics for the organizations principles and standards of practice. The plight of society continues to surround business ethics and corporate social responsibility which is yet to surface most organisations. The subject of Business Ethics and Social Responsibility introduces current issues experienced in organizations and provides guided analysis to enable a better understanding and appreciation of these issues. Illustrations of consequent economic costs having failed to practice ethical behaviors and social responsibility by the organization and individuals within have been provided also. Presented in this paper, with the aid of an example organization- Marpol Distribution Limited a family owned and operated Hardware and Auto supplies wholesale distribution company, are a wide array of ethical issues recognized within its business activities with proposed solutions in order to address the aforementioned issues. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. Defining Business Ethics and Social Responsibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 3. A lack of business ethics and social responsibility at Marpol Distribution Limited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 4. Addressing the issues of Marpol Distribut ion Limited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 5. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 6. References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 7. Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 1.Introduction The relevance and necessity to which business ethics and social responsibility hold within any  organisation is inordinate compared to the practices of most organisations presently. Therefore, the wellbeing of society and todays business world is at stake since it lies in the hands of business leaders who fail to exercise ethical procedures. The confidence in business operations once held by customers have been drastically shaken due to the collapses and corporate scandals surrounding some of the most pioneering and respected companies such as Arthur Andersen, WorldCom, Tyco and the most famous Enron Hence the urgency and necessity for the incorporation of ethics and social responsibility in business decision-making and strategic planning is heightened together with the compulsory provision of pertinent education to forthcoming business leaders in order to operate a sustainable and protected organisation. I believe that business ethics goes beyond the laws and legality, instead it teaches positive attributes such as respect, honesty, politeness which should be adopted into business practices (Inc.com, 1996). Furthermore, Ghillyer suggests in his book Business Ethics Now that there is a choice guidance for persons by ways of either moral standards or the moral compass of others in determining suitable behaviour which has influences stemming from cultural backgrounds or traditions to the norms of the environment in which we are positioned (2012). On the other hand, the social responsibility of a company deals with the management of its business processes so that a holistic positive impact on stakeholders and society is fashioned (Mallenbaker.net, 2004). The social responsibility of a company is often associated with the triple bottom line profit, people, and planet which can be theorized as the stewardship of the economy, society and the environment are at the organizations concentration (Zipcon.net, 1953 Elkington, 1998). This paper aims to satisfy the requirements of firstly defining business ethic and social responsibility. Subsequently, unethical issues encountered in Marpol Distributions Ltd will be identified and addressed. 2.Defining Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Business ethics refers to the underlying framework for carrying on business by adhering to generally accepted standards of right behaviour (highered.mcgraw-hill.com n.d.).It involves discernment of right, good and propriety from wrong, evil and propriety thereafter taking actions accordingly to the choice made. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development in its publication Making Good Business Sensedefined Social  Responsibility as the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large (Holme and Watts 2000) it focuses on the quality of their management regarding both processes and persons alongside the nature and extent of impacts on society. Although the terms social responsibility and ethics are used interchangeably, meanings differ. Business ethics relates to an individuals or a work groups decisions that society evaluates as right or wrong, whereas social responsibility is a broader concept that concerns the impact of the entire businesss activities on society (highered.mcgraw-hill.com n.d.). These definitions were chosen mainly because, they added to the scope of business ethical behaviour and societal responsibility, it brings clarity to the concept of values and morals and overall contribution to society as individuals and businesses. Ethical standards helps to the shape both the internal and external construct of any organization .Companies that rely on ethical standards which includes values and morals rely less on legislation from central or state government . The belief that business ethics is an essential element in any organization influences the companys impact towards its social responsibility. Organizations involved in the wholesale supply of goods and raw materials, such as Marpol Distribution Limited should strive to maintain or incorporate the necessary values and morals to aid in its decision making process . According to Hartman (2005,p2), who made the suggestion that ethics involves judgments as to good and bad, right and wrong, and what ought to be. Thi s therefore will have a major impact in the dynamics of the organization. 3.A lack of business ethics and social responsibility at Marpol Distribution Limited With intentions of implementing ethical practices into the business procedures, one must firstly understand business ethics which requires the identification of ethical issues within the organization. Ethical issues are identifiable problems, situations, or opportunities that requires a person to choose from among several actions that may be evaluated as right or wrong, ethical or unethical (highered.mcgraw-hill.com n.d.). In most cases this usually implicates much deliberation between choosing monetary gain over conducting oneself fittingly. Considering the business activities of Marpol Distribution  Limited we can diagnose ethical disputes that they have encountered. As previously mentioned this organization is typically family-managed and operated with its traditional methods of approach immutable. While remaining old-fashioned might work in favour of some companies, it has had the reverse effect on Marpol Distribution Limited. Quality assurance is a major facet in the operations of Marpol Distribution as the expectations of customers of this supply company is quite high together with responsibilities to societal contribution and development. The issue arises therefore, when a lack of standard up brings in relations of values and morals are recognised. Values tend to be seen as end goals sought by individual and vary from person to person based on their desires for profit, law, virtue or charity (See Appendix). Morals tend to be seen as rules or duties that govern behaviour in our personal interactions they are our personal guiding principles (Optimal.org 1997). Generally, ethics can be seen to be the same for people within the same culture (Hartman, 2005, p2). Companies like Marpol Distribution Limited, led by its vision statement to ensure profit and continuous growth has had negative impact of ethical behaviour. This therefore has resulted in a loss of customer supplier relationship and indirectly affected its profit margin The consequences of unethical behaviour and unethical business institutions are too serious to be ignored (Des Jardins, p. 3). As suggested by Des Jardins, business ethics are simply too serious for Marpol Distribution to ignore. Corporate Governance or the lack thereof has certainly contributed negatively to the current situation of Marpol Distribution Limited. This is demonstrated as this profit driven organisation fails to emulate the necessary attributes to generate good governance such as responsiveness values of fairness, accountability, responsibility and transparency emphasis on non-monetary aspects of operatio ns etc. (Unescap.org 2013). This is also extended to unethical leadership which constitutes employee insolence as it has been suggested that employees emulate the behaviours of those above them based on their perception of ethics observed (Davis 2004). In addition, the company has become loyal to its family-run business style and as a result the recruitment process that exists within this company has failed them seeing as the workforce comprises of unskilled and unqualified family members who have prevailed over a more appropriate workforce.

Dunkin Donuts Plan Essay Example

Dunkin Donuts Plan Essay Example Dunkin Donuts Plan Essay Dunkin Donuts Plan Essay The Bright Agency Roger Bright- Account Executive Sara Smith- Ad Copy Director Ashley Edwards- Art Director Michelle Taube- Media Director Katie Briggs- IMC Media Sales Director Jennifer Garriques- Research Director Robert Compton- Research Director Executive Summary Our campaign with Dunkin’ Donuts sets out to re-brand the company, reflective of a company thats expanding. The campaign allots $35,000,000 for the course of a calendar year, specifically January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007. Our goal is to generate more revenue and claim more market share in the coffee house sector. We feel this can be attained by a vigorous national campaign. This campaign will entail advertisements on all the major media facets. Our target audience consists of middle class adults. Characteristically, these middle class adults earn between $40,000 to $100,000 yearly. An increase in coffee sales is a paramount goal of our campaign; these older adults are the best audience to go after. Our campaign will also research the target audience via surveys concluding on how strong the customer base is and possible potential new target audiences. The Dunkin’ campaign will rely heavily on a nationalized television, radio, newspaper, and outdoor advertising plan. The television ads will be featured generally on the cable networks as well as network channels. We will position our ads on programs that are focused towards our target group of middle class adults. The same strategy will apply when positioning our ads on television, radio, and in the newspaper. Other alternate media we will use are outdoor advertisements. We will use around $33,000,000 on advertising. Measuring the effect of our campaign is also important. It will occur on a quarterly basis. Measurements will be done at these times so that Dunkin’ Donuts can reflect its sales along with the effectiveness of our campaign. This will be done so by viewing television ratings and checking circulation. Table of Contents Executive Summary Table of Contents Campaign Overview Situational Analysis SWOT Analysis Target Market Analysis Objectives Media Objectives Media Tactics Media Scheduling Creative Objectives Measurable Objectives Budget Analysis Advertising Tactics Sales Promotion Tactics Public Relations Tactics Evaluation Appendix A– Radio/Television/Outdoor/Newspaper Ads Appendix B– Sales Promotions Appendix C- Public Relations Sources 3 4 5 6-8 9 10 11 12 13-15 16 17-18 19 20 21-22 23-24 25-26 27 28-36 37-38 39-40 41 Campaign Overview The Bright Agency was delivered the challenge of creating a new advertising campaign for Dunkin’ Donuts to match the type of massive expansion the company is about to undertake. Our agency was given $35,000,000 to complete the task, of which we devoted the $3. 5 million towards a healthy contingency. Our research and efforts are in hopes of increasing the awareness of a soon to be snack food and coffeehouse giant. Situational Analysis Company Dunkin’ Donuts is a doughnut franchise owned by a parent company, Dunkin’ Brands. Dunkin’ Donuts was founded in Quincy, Massachusetts by Bill Rosenberg in 1950. Dunkin’ Donuts has since been a staple of the snack food sector in the New England geographic market. Dunkin’ Donuts boasts quality doughnuts and pastries, as well as a delicious line of coffee and espresso blends. Today Dunkin’ Donuts dominates the snack food sector and is increasingly making its mark on the coffee house sector. Market and Industry The restaurant industry, particularly the snack food and coffee house industry is one that is consistently profitable. As it stands it takes around 1/3 of the American dollar spent on food. The restaurant industry will gross on average $1. 4 billion daily. The restaurant industry has had to adapt to the growing demand for healthier food choices. Nonetheless the restaurant industry is forecasted to increase over five percent in the next year and make up four percent of the gross domestic product (GDP). The coffee house sector accredits its boom in popularity largely in part to the surge of Starbucks in the late1990s. Since then it has continued to do well in generating high revenue. Statistics show that over 77% of Americans consume some form of coffee beverage. That overwhelming statistic is indicative of the sales boom of the coffee house sector between 2000 and 2005. During that period the coffee house sector developed larger and faster than any other sector in the restaurant industry, citing a 157% increase in sales. The coffee house sector is only expected to grow. Market analysts suggest another 125% increase over the next five years. Situational Analysis Brand The Dunkin’ Donuts franchise rests its name on its doughnuts, but has seen much success with its coffee sales. Over the course of the last decade, Dunkin’ Donuts has produced a quality line of espresso drinks and coffee blends that have led Dunkin’ Donuts to the number one spot in coffee-by-the-cup sales. Dunkin’ Donuts also offers other bakery delicacies, breakfast sandwiches, cold drinks, and deli sandwiches. The Dunkin’ Donuts website: www. dunkindonuts. com provides information on company news, franchising, nutrition, and also allows consumers to order Dunkin’ Donuts products online. The brand has done well particularly well in its home base in the Northeast. The brand is planning expansion in the West and South. Dunkin’ Donuts is virtually unknown in these geographic markets. Consumer Dunkin’ Donuts target customer is the middle class American, both males and females, ranging in age from 18-45. Their salaries range from $40,000 to $100,000 annually. They are coffee enthusiasts, mainly people on the go, and some families. The ideal Dunkin’ Donuts consumer is a working professional, with a family. They are generally in their thirties and enjoy a good coffee drink and occasional doughnut before work to get their day started. The Dunkin’ Donuts consumer is practical and unappreciative of red tape or fancy marketing ploys. Situational Analysis Competitive The restaurant industry is one that is in constant competition, with trends that tend to vary. There will always be persistent competition between sectors (i. e. fast food vs. table-served restaurants; snack food vs. health food, etc. ). Advertising is the paramount step in distinction from the competition. The coffee house sector has become one of the largest growing in food service. The competition does not just start and end with nationalized coffee house chains, but also includes the smaller local coffee house businesses. These â€Å"mom and pop† coffee house endeavors appear more and more in smaller localities as well as large market cities. Dunkin’ Donuts receives the most competition from Kripsy Kreme, Starbucks, and McDonalds. These three brands share the market with Dunkin’ Donuts in the sectors of snack food restaurant, coffee house, and breakfast foods respectively. Since Dunkin’ Donuts holds as the largest distributor of coffee-by-the-cup, they will increase their focus on their coffee beverages. In the most cut and dry terms, Dunkin’ Donuts and Starbucks can expect a healthy rivalry in the decade to come, especially with Dunkin’ Donuts expanding to the West, which houses Starbucks. While McDonalds has dominated the fast food sector and does not appear as obvious competition, Dunkin’ Donuts poses an indirect threat to the McDonalds breakfast line and vise versa. The Dunkin’ Donuts franchise will triple its number of franchises to over 15,000 stores, which will surpass most fast food chains. Competition will surely be created out of such a big expansion. SWOT Analysis Strengths: 1. Dunkin’ Donuts has a reputation for brewing high quality coffee for more than five decades 2. Dunkin’ Donuts is America’s largest retailer of coffee-by-the-cup, serving nearly 1 billion cups of brewed coffee each year. . On an average day, Dunkin’ Donuts sells more than 30 cups of freshly brewed coffee each second. 4. Dunkin’ Donuts uses 100% Arabica coffee beans and has its own coffee specifications, which are recognized by the industry as a superior grade of coffee. 5. Dunkin’ Donuts serves nearly 1 billion cups of brewed coffee every year or approximately 2. 7 million cups a day. 6. Dunkin’ Donuts mails coupons to their customers. Weaknesses: 1. Dunkin’ Donuts uses media to advertise while Krispy Kreme has never spent any money on advertising. Opportunities: 1. Franchises available. 2. The opening of new stores. Threats: 1. People wanting to eat healthier (low calorie/low carb). 2. Starbucks entry into breakfast sandwiches. 3. McDonalds gourmet coffee. Target Market Analysis Our target audience will specifically be made up of males and females ranging in age from 18-45. The middle class will account for up to 45% of all Dunkin Donuts’ purchases. A large part of our goal for this campaign is to increase coffee sales, and according to statistics these are the people who drink coffee the most. Our target audience will earn in between $40,000 and $100,000 annually. A large part of this demographic will come from family units. Our main focus goes towards people on the go to get you in and out as fast as possible. A Dunkin’ Donuts typical customer is like John. John is in his mid-thirties. He is a working professional with three young children. He enjoys watching sports and working out in his free time. John likes to get his day started with a double espresso latte, giving him energy to get through the morning. Every Sunday, John takes his kids to Dunkin’ Donuts to enjoy a light breakfast before their little league games. Objectives Marketing Our marketing objective is to increase our sales by a substantial amount, ranging from 12 to 15% over the course of January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007. This is going to be achieved through an increase in the reach and frequency of our advertising and publicity efforts. We want to attract new customers in the target audience of middle class adults, and turn them into repeat customers. If we can expand our consumer base by 5% and thus realistically generate ten dollars more per year from each new customer, it would result in a large growth in revenue, well worth the increased exposure costs. Advertising Our objective is to increase the awareness of our national campaign among our targeted audience that is made up of male and females between the ages of 18-45 years old (middleaged corporate), by 12-15% from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007. According to our statistics, 25-34 year olds are who drink coffee most. Our target audience will earn in between $40,000 and $100,000 annually. Middle class makes up about 45% of all Dunkin’ Donuts purchases. Media Objectives Our suggested goal within our campaign comprised of nationalized television, radio, and outdoor print advertisements was to reach about 85% of our target market. That target market consists of middle aged and middle class consumers. Our research has cited that these are the people who frequently drink coffee. We intend to use various media facets, pulsing in more profitable months with higher frequency, than in our low months. The focus of our advertisement is to create awareness of Dunkin’ Donuts, with special focus to their coffee line. We feel this is the best way to generate the sales towards our goal of at least a 12 to 15% increase in sales. Media Tactics Outdoor ($1,000,000) Outdoor advertising can persuade commuters to impulse buy Dunkin Donuts. We plan on attracting the eye of commuters by using bright colors and catchy phrases. Billboards will be placed in locations such as Texas, Arizona, California, and Colorado. These locations were specifically chosen since we are expanding our franchises into new markets. Newspaper ($3,023,380) Newspapers are used in our campaign because of their reach. We will be using inserts in national newspapers because it will give us more control in reaching our target audience. By providing full color inserts in the Sunday papers, we will not only reach our target audience, but broaden it as well, by catching the attention of potential customers. Another notable aspect of newspapers is the frequency in which they are distributed. By using a national newspaper such as USA Today; we can not only broaden our reach, but also the number of times readers are exposed to a specific Dunkin’ Donuts advertisement. It would be ideal to place these advertisements in the food and beverage, or dinning sections of the fore mentioned paper, but depending on its distribution and relation to our target market other sections may open up. Newspapers also allow for the ever needed public relation story, by getting articles printed that deal with our brand and efforts we can not only keep the consumer up to date on our current state, but also build up our brand image. Through the use of these tactics and a correct circulation measurement needed to make sure we have our target market in mind, newspapers seem to be one of our top means of distribution for the cost. Media Tactics Radio ($2,361,665) In reviewing our campaign, collectively, we have determined that radio would be one of the better options to go with in means of advertising. We find it would be beneficial to use radio spots that are generally 15 to 30 seconds long in a sense that they will be short and to the point. The most effective time slot for our kind of advertisements would be early morning and evening, giving the working person more incentive to stop by a Dunkin’ Donuts on their way to and from their work place. These ads should be placed on syndicated radio programming as well as filler in between local radio programming. The use of these advertisement spots will hopefully increase revenue in two of our peak times. The commuters going to work in the morning and the commute back from work in the late evening. Media Tactics Television ($26,718,945) Cable Television (TBS, Food Network, and ESPN) Cable television is a media source that allows Dunkin’ Donuts to directly target the consumers on specific stations. Dunkin’ Donuts finds this as a useful technique because of its ability to provide high reach and high ratings. Cable television is a reliable source that will help Dunkin’ Donuts advertise directly to the consumers. The airing of Dunkin’ Donuts advertisements will be during the hours of 5 to 10 a. m. nd then from 5 to 10 p. m. These time spots will help Dunkin’ Donuts not only achieve high ratings, but guarantee that the customers are getting exposed to the advertisements. The following is a list of television shows that will be advertising for Dunkin’ Donuts: TBS-during movies for adults and children; Food Network-any cooking shows during the times specified to reach adults; and ESPNduring sport shows and games to reach the male audience. Since Dunkin’ Donuts is a national campaign, advertising on cable television will allow us to not only reach our target audience more but expand to potential customers. Network Television (CBS, NBC, FOX, ABC) A television network is a distribution network for television content where a central operation provides programming for many television stations. Dunkin’ Donuts advertisements will be aired during the hours of 5 to 10 a. m. and 5 to 10 p. m. ; reaching our target audience who will be considering breakfast options for that day or the next. Media Scheduling High The months of January, February, March, November and December are deemed our â€Å"high† months. This means we can expect a higher volume in sales during these months. Advertisements centered around holiday promotions need to have a higher frequency and reach. Holidays generate spending; therefore the brunt of our spending must be dedicated to these months. Medium April, May, September and October are considered our medium months. We can expect a steady patronage from our target market in these months. These are deemed our medium months for lack of heightened spending. However, the months of September and October are especially crucial for advertising due to new seasons of television programming. Advertising on the right shows at the right times will hopefully propel our medium months into high months. Low June, July and August are considered our â€Å"low† months. This part of the fiscal year we can expect a slight decline in patronage. We will spend less money this month to avoid waste. Families are a large part of our target demographic, and since families take these times to vacation, we feel strong advertising will be ineffective. Television networks usually show their reruns during the summer months also. Creative Objectives Client Dunkin’ Brands Inc. : Dunkin’ Donuts. Our client Dunkin’ Donuts is a snack food sector giant that has enjoyed major success out of the New England area and East. Project Dunkin’ Donuts is currently in the works for a mass expansion. They are in the works to be one of the largest food service chains in the country; tripling their stores to 15,000 nationwide. The company is in need of serious brand awareness to go along with its new nationalizing expansion. Background/Overview Our campaign suggests marketing towards middle aged, middle class adults (incomes ranging from $40,000 to $100,000). Typically, this demographic is heavy coffee consumers. Our advertisements will give a lot more focus to coffee products in the future and present Dunkin’ Donuts as a practical, â€Å"non-trendy† choice for â€Å"middle Americans† for snacks and coffee. Objectives Our objectives are to stand out from other coffee house and snack food chains. We will also convey messages that express practicality, quality, speed, and good service. We wish to give coffee drinkers a practical place to get a snack and coffee that doesn’t have all the bells and whistles of the leading coffee competitor, Starbucks. Creative Objectives Executions We plan to advertise with a healthy nationalized campaign. We will implore the usage of television, radio, print and outdoor media. We will advertise using the pulsing technique, which will give more focus to higher volume months (i. e. November, December). Coupling these methods with a great public relations campaign will produce brand awareness, thus increasing sales. Measurable Objectives Being able to measure success is important to the client, and to us, the Agency. Obviously, the best way to measure an advertising campaign’s successes is to see if the sales goals were met throughout the fiscal year. If we can meet our goal of invoking awareness, specifically Dunkin’ Donuts coffee line, we hope to increase company sales 12 to 15%. In order to be aware and accountable for the success of our advertisements we will stay current with circulation and Nielsen ratings to ensure our advertisements are reaching our target demographic with the best media vehicles possible. Budget Analysis When given our budget of $35,000,000, the majority of that was spent on the visual aspects of advertising, mainly being television advertisements. Our group as a whole decided to go for the visual aspect in this generation of time. Visual advertising has more of an effect on the target audience as a whole. Almost half of our budget was used on this specific medium. The next largest portion of our budget went strictly to radio advertising. This medium would be beneficial to our products market in a sense that a majority of Dunkin’ Donuts customers are working class professionals and typically stop in to get their every day coffee and/or doughnuts. Another portion of the budget was used on our outdoor advertisements and newspapers. Collectively, our group has giving outdoor advertisements about one million dollars towards billboards. As for newspapers, it was decided that a newspaper insert would be included in every Sunday national newspaper. The rest of our expenses consisted of making Dunkin’ Donuts t-shirts and a universal coffee mug. The coffee mugs and t-shirts were very inexpensive to provide and sell to get money back to Dunkin. The remaining amount of money, around $2,000, is used solely for what ever cost differences there may be. Advertising Tactics Slogan Our slogan is Delightfully Dunkin’. This slogan is showing consumers that our products are delightful and will steer people into wanting to consume our product. We wanted to use a slogan that made our products more appealing to the customer. The alliteration of the words Delightfully Dunkin’ makes the slogan catchier. Radio The purpose of this ad was to convey a message to the public that Dunkin’ Donuts products are always ready to go at any time for the convenience of every customer. Using a short and sweet message to the consumer with a little humor involved is a creative way to draw attention to the company. Rise and Shine with Dunkin’† is simply an informative commercial about the types of coffees Dunkin’ Donuts offers. Television The Commercial titled â€Å"Holidays with Dunkin’† is geared to the holiday season because people are always eating out during the holidays since they are busy shopping, spending time with their family, and traveling. The commercial shows th at this family is happy with their purchase, therefore conveying that Dunkin’ Donuts is a family oriented business. The television spot titled â€Å"Rookies Fetch the Dunkin’† is marketed to the many office professionals that frequent Dunkin’ Donuts for catering needs. The ad is meant to be humorous and shows the plight of a young corporate worker who finds out he needs to cater a board meeting in ten minutes. This advertisement highlights another one of the themes we wish to get across which is â€Å"quick service†. Advertising Tactics Outdoor The billboards will be placed in designated areas in the Southwest. The holiday billboard is geared to family travelers that are on the road during the holiday season, looking for a quick bite to eat. The coffee billboard strives for the attention of coffee drinkers. The message being that our coffee is a delightful treat. This slogan will get people to steer towards Dunkin’ Donuts rather than another place. Newspaper In the newspaper advertisement, we will be using a gift certificate that will be printed in national newspapers that will give each subscriber in the month of December a free doughnut and coffee. This will show our frequent customers that we care about them and will also provide us with new cliental. Also, we will be using a newspaper insert that will provide our customers with the weekly deals. Punch Card The punch card is used for coffee consumers, this will provide the customers an incentive to keep coming back. When using the punch card they will need to purchase 10 coffees and will receive their 11th coffee free. By using all of these media tactics we will be able to reach our target audience in numerous ways, showing them that we should be their number one choice. We felt that using all these media outlets would be a successful way in meeting our campaign requirements. . Sales Promotion Tactics Promotional Objectives Our over all goal is to increase sales for Dunkin’ Donuts by 12 to 15% from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007. We have broken down this goal into three main promotional objectives. The first objective is to increase holiday sales. We will be doing this by placing a holiday coupon in Sunday papers. The second promotional objective is to increase sales among the target audience of the working middle class business professionals. To achieve this objective, we will be offering a monthly drawing for participating customers to enter to win free breakfast for their office department. The last promotional objective is to raise money for the Dunkin’ Donuts charity, Children’s Hospital. We will achieve this objective by offering a specialty refillable Mug. 0% of each mug sold will be given directly to Children’s Hospital. This objective will help raise money for Dunkin’ Donuts charity and encourage customers to continue purchasing Dunkin’ Donut’s coffee for the discounted price. Coupons Dunkin’ Donuts will be offer a holiday coupon in the month of December. This coupon is for a complementary doughnut and cup of hot coffee. The coupon will be inserted in the Sunday newspaper. This will be a good way to increase the holiday sales especially since Christmas advertisements often get lost in the clutter of the holiday rush. Dunkin’ Donuts wants to break thought this clutter and use the holiday rush to their advantage. Also with offering the holiday coupon, Dunkin’ Donuts sales will increase because the coupon will encourage new customers to come into the store to try their complementary doughnut and hot cup of coffee. In doing this, Dunkin’ Donuts will hopefully make new loyal customers and the customers who are already loyal, this will be our holiday gift to them. Sales Promotion Tactics Sweepstakes Dunkin’ Donuts will offer a monthly sweepstakes. All Dunkin’ Donuts customers are encouraged to put their business card in a bowl located next to the register. The more visits, the more chances to win. Every month each participating Dunkin’ Donut franchise will draw one business card. The winning card will win breakfast for everyone in their department at work. The breakfast consists of a variety of doughnuts and coffee. We hope that this little incentive will encourage people in the workplace to rely on Dunkin’ Donuts to satisfy their hunger. Price-Off Deals PriceDunkin’ Donuts will offer the option of purchasing a specialty refillable mug. The mug will be refillable at a discounted price, it is also a fundraiser for Children’s Hospital. Dunkin’ Donuts has made it their corporation’s philanthropy to sponsor and help raise money for Children’s Hospitals located all around the United Sates. 10% of the original purchase price of the mug will go to the hospital. Then for every refill, 10 cents will be donated to the hospital. The mug is beneficial to Dunkin’ Donuts because it will not only bring money to Dunkin’ Donuts but will also help the Children’s Hospital. This mug will keep coffee drinkers coming back for more coffee because they can refill it at a reduced price. Public Relations Tactics Public Relations Objectives The public relations objectives cover three different goals: forming a good relationship with the press, building brand awareness, and raising money for Children’s Hospital. Dunkin’ Donuts wants to build a good relationship with the press since the media holds power over the people. The media is also how Dunkin’ Donuts will send most of their information about events to the public. They will do this through press releases and media kits, in hopes that it will be printed in the paper as an article. Dunkin’ Donuts will provide media kits to local and national newspapers. The media kit will better help the press find information and pictures needed to cover stories on Dunkin’ Donuts. The media kit will include: A cover letter to the paper Dunkin’ Donuts business card with contact information Press releases. Background information. Photographs. Copies of the logo and slogan. Information about the different events Dunkin’ Donuts is hosting. Coupons for free samples of coffee and doughnuts. Dunkin’ Donuts will also keep the media informed on special events and changes with the business through press releases. This will inform the press of events, that they then have the option of creating an article. The press releases will give them all the information needed to write the article without having to do any research. This will ideally help Dunkin’ Donuts have their name in the newspapers without having to purchase advertisements. Dunkin’ Donuts will also send a fact sheet inviting newspaper reporters to attend specific events. A fact sheet is a good way to build a more personal relationship with newspapers. Public Relations Tactics Event Sponsorships/ Charity Dunkin’ Donuts will be partnering with Children’s Hospital. Dunkin’ Donuts will be making it their corporate philanthropy to raise money to donate to the hospital. Dunkin’ Donuts feels that children are the future. Dunkin’ Donuts will be sponsoring different events with the Children’s Hospital to interact with the children, families, and staff. Dunkin’ Donuts will be hosting a Christmas Morning Breakfast for the children and staff at Children’s Hospitals located in the same geographic areas of Dunkin’ Donuts. Doughnuts, juice, and coffee will be offered and Santa will make a personal appearance at the event. Dunkin’ Donuts will also be sponsoring the annual Miniature Golf Tournament to help raise money for Children’s Hospital. This event is a great way for children to help other children. The winning child will win a $500 check signed by Dunkin’ Donuts. All money raised at this event will go to the Children’s Hospital. The tournament will be for children 18 and under. Every person must pay a participation fee. If the participant registers on the Dunkin’ Donuts website, the fee is only $20. If the participant enters the day of the tournament the free is $30. All participants are encouraged to find sponsors to help raise donations for this event. The event will take place this spring (May 5, 2007) in Salem, Massachusetts. Every year a different location will be chosen to host this annual event. Dunkin’ Donuts chose Massachusetts for the first year of the Miniature Golf Tournament because this is where Dunkin’ Donuts was founded and is also the state where Dunkin’ Donuts has the most franchises located at this time. The tournament will be held at Castle Creek Adventure Land in Salem, which has been voted the number one miniature golf course for families. Next year Dunkin Donuts is planning on hosting this event in the Southwest where Dunkin’ Donuts is rapidly extending the company. This tournament will gain Dunkin’ Donuts immediate credibility and recognition through sponsoring the events. Evaluation Our campaign provides a number of great strategies and suggestions to ensure that the snack food sector giant does increasingly well over the period of the next year and well into their future expansion. Using coffee as a product focus we hope to take a larger share of the coffeehouse market and overall raise sales 12 to 15%. Dunkin’ Brands must make their title franchise marketable in the way of practicality. Our messages must show consumers that we lack a lot of the hoopla and that we are more genuine in serving good products. In marketing ourselves as the practical, Starbucks alternative, we stand to profit by reaching a broader audience than Starbucks, thus taking a larger share of their market. We found it best to do an unilateral campaign, with everything coming together on a national scale. This is best granted the expansion Dunkin’ Donuts is making all over the U. S. The pulsing technique is the most efficient part of our media plan. Pulsing ensures that we reach our target audience during more profitable months, being careful not to spend money when we don’t have to. This is an effective way to reach the project 85% of our target market; whether it is during a popular television program or during a holiday month where commercialism is heightened. Our research lead us to many conclusions as to what could viably work and what wouldn’t. As far as competition, we didn’t see any room to grow competing with Dairy Queen. As they are an ice cream treat based company, we feel that ice cream could fit into a totally different branch of the snack food sector in itself. The Bright Agency has set up a plan that could drive the Dunkin’ Donuts chain well past the 15% goal we have set forth. Appendix A– Radio A– Client: Dunkin’ Donuts Product: Dunkin’ Donuts Title: Rise and Shine with Dunkin’ Length: 15 Seconds Writer: Roger Bright, CEO Bright Agency Medium: Radio MUSIC: INTRO MUSIC FADES TO BACKGROUND FOR ABOUT 3 SECONDS ANNCR: â€Å"Rise and shine to one of Dunkin’ Donuts great house blends. Choose from your choice of Original, Decaf, Hazelnut, French Vanilla, or Cinnamon Spice, along with a vast selection of espresso drinks. which are made with 100% fresh Arabica coffee beans. All of SOUND: Roster Crows ANNCR: â€Å"All Delicious Blends, Without the Trends. Dunkin’†. Delightfully Appendix A– Radio A– Client: Dunkin’ Donuts Product: Dunkin’ Donuts Title: Catch It If You Can Length: 30 Seconds Writer: Michelle Taube, Media Director Medium: Radio MUSIC: THEME- UP BEAT FAST MUSIC (AS IN A CLIMAX TO A STORY). SOUND: SOUNDS OF CARS SPEEDING ON THE ROAD WITH SIRENS GOING OFF. COP1: (very out of breathe and eager to get somewhere) Fox to Trent, Fox to Trent, are you there, over? COP2: (sounds worried) I copy, Trent here, what’s the situation? COP1: There is a robbery at the local Dunkin’ Donuts. there with back-up immediately. We need to get COP2: I’m on it. I’ll meet you there as soon as I can. SOUND: SOUND OF FOOTSTEPS TRAMPING INTO THE STORE, WHEN THEY OPEN THE DOOR THE BELL DINGS COP2: Everybody freeze with you hands in the air! COP1: Move away from the counter slowly. (walks up to the cashier and says) Can I get two glazed doughnuts please? COP2: (very irritated) what are you doing? I thought you said there was a serious situation here and you are getting something to Appendix A– Radio A– Continued) Client: Dunkin’ Donuts Product: Dunkin’ Donuts Title: Catch It If You Can Length: 30 Seconds Writer: Michelle Taube, Media Director Medium: Radio COP1: I needed a quick stomach filler and Dunkin’ Donuts is always hot and ready to go. Appendix A– Television A– Client: Dunkin’ Donuts Product: Coffee/doughnuts Title: Rookies Fetch the Dunkin’ Length: 30 Seconds Video Audio Businessman 1: â€Å"First board meeting in ten minutes, you fetch the Dunkin’? † Businessman 2: â€Å"Fetch the Dunkin’? † Businessman 1: â€Å"Rookies always fetch the Dunkin’ Donuts. Nine minutes†. Businessman 2 begins to panic Businessman 2 breaks out into a sprint Appendix A– Television A– Client: Dunkin’ Donuts Product: Coffee/Doughnuts Title: Rookies Fetch the Dunkin’ Length: 30 Seconds Writer: Roger Bright Businessman arrives at Dunkin’ Donuts Voiceover: â€Å"Cater your company board meeting with Dunkin’ Donuts Box o’ Coffee and large box of assorted doughnuts†. Businessman 2 arrives to board meeting Boss: â€Å"And welcome our newest member to the staff, Eric. † Room applauds Businessman 2 realizes it’s a joke Voiceover: â€Å"Delightfully Dunkin’† Appendix A– Television A– Client: Dunkin’ Donuts Product: Coffee/doughnuts Title: Holidays With Dunkin’ Length: 30 Seconds Writer: Ashley Edwards, Art Director Video Audio A family is going out to pick their Christmas tree. After they are done everyone starts complaining that they are hungry and thirsty. One of the children states how he wants coffee and doughnuts. The mother says Dunkin’ Donuts is one of her favorite places. Dunkin’ Donuts Brings Holiday Cheer! Happy Holiday! As they are driving they see a Dunkin’ Donuts Store where everyone starts to yell STOP! STOP! They pull over and get some doughnuts, breakfast sandwiches and coffee to go. When they get home they start decorating the tree and eating their Dunkin’ Donuts and spending family quality time together. At the end of this commercial the slogan to the left will appear in front of a lit up Christmas tree. Appendix A– Outdoor A– Appendix A– Outdoor A– Appendix A– Newspaper A– Appendix B– Sales Promotions B– BUY 10 CUPS OF COFFEE, GET ONE FREE www. dunkindonuts. com Issue date: 12/01/07 Verification code: 12345 Expiration date: 12/31/07 Gifts from Us to You Receive a Free Coffee and Doughnut. Appendix B– Sales Promotions B– Appendix C– Public Relations C– Roger Bright 130 Royall Street Canton, MA 02021 [emailprotected] edu www. dunkindonuts. com FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: January 1, 2007 â€Å"Dunkin’ Donuts Has Gone Southwest† Dunkin’ Donuts is not only changing their campaign for 2007 to â€Å"Delightfully Dunkin’ Donuts†, but Dunkin’ Donuts is also planning to triple the number of franchises across the Nation. Dunkin’ Donuts is a doughnut franchise owned by a parent company, Dunkin’ Brands. Dunkin’ Donuts was founded 50 years ago in 1950 by Bill Rosenberg. The first Dunkin’ Donuts was built in Quincy, Massachusetts and is now a staple in the snack food sector in the New England geographic market. Dunkin’ Donuts is now ready for expansion. Dunkin’ Donuts has made a new corporate objective to increase Dunkin’ Donuts all over the United States. They will be achieving this goal by opening 15,000 new Dunkin’ Donuts franchises across the Nation by the year 2017. ### Appendix C– Public Relations C– Roger Bright 130 Royall Street Canton, MA 02021 [emailprotected] edu www. dunkindonuts. com FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: May 1, 2007 â€Å"Make A Hole In One At Dunkin’ Donuts Miniature Golf Tournament May 5, 2007† Join Dunkin’ Donuts for their first annual Miniature Golf Tournament for the chance to win $500. This event is to raise money for Children’s Hospital which is Dunkin’ Donuts charity hospital. The tournament is only for children 18 and under. There is a small participation fee of just $20. The more money raised, the more Children’s Hospital will benefit. The event will take place May 5, 2007, located at Castle Creek Adventure Land. All contestants are encouraged to pre-register on the Dunkin’ Donuts website (www. dunkindonuts. com). There will also be an on-site registration for last minute contestants but the participation fee will increase to $30. Please view the website for more information. Dunkin’ Donuts challenges any child to participate and hopes to see everyone May 5th for the Miniature Golf Tournament. ### Sources https://www. aibonline. org/resources/statistics/doughnut. html entrepreneur. com/franchises/dunkindonuts/282304-0. html https://www. dunkindonuts. com/aboutus/company/History. aspx http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dunkin_Donuts http://inventors. about. com/library/inventors/bldonut. htm krispykreme. com/

Free Essays on Functionalist vrs Marxist

Compare and contrast the Functionalist and Marxist explanations of the role of education in modern society? The functionalists and the Marxists both believe that the education system benefits everyone, but both have different views on society. The Marxist views of the education system are that there are conflicts because there is an inequality between the working class and the higher classes. They believe that there are two different classes which education produces, and that is the working class and the ruling class. The people who don't achieve good grades in school and who aren't very bright, will be known in society as the working class, and so won't have very good status jobs in society, and the people that do brilliantly in school and who are very intelligent are the ones who get good jobs and important jobs in society, so they are seen as the ruling class, which is above the working class. This theory that the Marxists has, is similar to the theory that the functionalists have, and that is that the education system could also be known as a role allocation. This is where a persons jo b is allocated to them through there grades from school, so if the person does well, then they will get a more important job, however if a person does not do that well, then the person will have a low status job in society. However, the functionalist's view of society is that it is meritocratic, which means that those who do well will achieve more in life and will receive rewards for their hard work, which fits in with the role allocation idea of those who do well in school, will end up having the better jobs in the adult world, and that the role of education benefits everyone equally. The Marxists believe that the role of education benefits the ruling class only, and that is where there is a difference between the two theorists. A functionalist named Durkheim believes that the education system introduces the importance of social solidarity in people... Free Essays on Functionalist vrs Marxist Free Essays on Functionalist vrs Marxist Compare and contrast the Functionalist and Marxist explanations of the role of education in modern society? The functionalists and the Marxists both believe that the education system benefits everyone, but both have different views on society. The Marxist views of the education system are that there are conflicts because there is an inequality between the working class and the higher classes. They believe that there are two different classes which education produces, and that is the working class and the ruling class. The people who don't achieve good grades in school and who aren't very bright, will be known in society as the working class, and so won't have very good status jobs in society, and the people that do brilliantly in school and who are very intelligent are the ones who get good jobs and important jobs in society, so they are seen as the ruling class, which is above the working class. This theory that the Marxists has, is similar to the theory that the functionalists have, and that is that the education system could also be known as a role allocation. This is where a persons jo b is allocated to them through there grades from school, so if the person does well, then they will get a more important job, however if a person does not do that well, then the person will have a low status job in society. However, the functionalist's view of society is that it is meritocratic, which means that those who do well will achieve more in life and will receive rewards for their hard work, which fits in with the role allocation idea of those who do well in school, will end up having the better jobs in the adult world, and that the role of education benefits everyone equally. The Marxists believe that the role of education benefits the ruling class only, and that is where there is a difference between the two theorists. A functionalist named Durkheim believes that the education system introduces the importance of social solidarity in people...

Dont Be Despondent Over Slough and Slew

Dont Be Despondent Over Slough and Slew Don’t Be Despondent Over Slough and Slew Don’t Be Despondent Over Slough and Slew By Maeve Maddox The spelling slough represents two meanings and two distinct pronunciations. 1. slough (rhymes with now) noun: soft, miry, muddy ground. This is the kind of slough that John Bunyan describes in his allegory, The Pilgrim’s Progress: Now I saw in my dream, that, just as they [Christian and Pliable] had ended this talk, they drew nigh to a very miry Slough that was in the midst of the plain; and they, being heedless, did both fall suddenly into the bog; the name of the Slough was Despond. Here, therefore, they wallowed for a time, being grievously bedaubed with the dirt; and Christian, because of the burden that was on his back, began to sink in the mire. 2. slough (rhymes with muff) noun: of a serpent or similar reptile, the cast-off skin. verb: to cast or shed the skin. Often used figuratively: Putin, like Yeltsin, is constantly looking for ways to  slough off responsibility  for  his  decisions and their consequences- RussiaLost in Transition, by Liliia Fedorovna Shevtsova. Slew, sometimes spelled slue, has more than one meaning. The verb slew originated as a nautical term meaning â€Å"to turn a thing round upon its own axis, or without shifting it from its place. Slewed became nautical slang for â€Å"drunk† and a slew-foot was â€Å"a clumsy person who walks with feet turned out.† In Texas folklore, Pecos Bill marries a woman named â€Å"Slue-Foot Sue.† The usual modern meaning of slew as a verb is â€Å"to turn a thing around on its own axis.† Here’s an example from fiction: Near the top of the ramp a motorist in a gray Toyota panicked, slamming into the car behind it. Chrome and plastic hanging from its front, it  slewed around  blocking both lanes, effectively cutting off the Aviator. Robert Ludlums (TM) The Bourne Betrayal, Eric Van Lustbader. As a noun, slew means â€Å"a very large number† or â€Å"a great amount.† For example: Baltimore City legislators  prepare  for new Annapolis session with  a slew of  bills.  City Paper, Baltimore. A less common use of slew (also spelled slue) is in reference to â€Å"a marshy or reedy pool, pond, small lake, backwater, or inlet,† as in this description of a journey along the upper Mississippi River: A continual variation of scene now opened to the view, marred only by an occasional ungraceful slew or marsh Some American speakers conflate the spelling and pronunciation of the words slough (miry ground) and slew (wetlands). They take their cue from Merriam-Webster whose entry for slough lumps the following definitions together: 1a. a place of deep mud or mire. 1b. a small marshy place. 1c. also slew or slue, a side channel or inlet I’ll give the last word on the spelling and pronunciation of these words to The Chicago Manual of Style: slew; slough; slue Slew is an informal word equivalent to many or lots (you have a slew of cattle). It is sometimes misspelled slough (a legitimate noun meaning â€Å"a grimy swamp† and pronounced to rhyme with now) or slue (a legitimate verb meaning â€Å"to swing around†). The phrase slough of despond (from Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress [1678]) means a state of depression. This is etymologically different from slough (/slÉ™f/), meaning â€Å"to discard† (slough off dry skin). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should KnowEmpathy "With" or Empathy "For"?Types of Plots

Topic of your choice Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Topic of your choice - Personal Statement Example I protested each time she called me to a meal where I sat, morosely looking at the bowl of rice. Each time that she found herself on the verge of anger, she would set the ultimatum to finish my food by setting a fifteen minute timer next to me. Fearing her wrath, I would pick up my spoon and swallow a few bites of the offensive dish. Since so much time had already passed, the rice was now cold and soggy, definitely not delicious at all. Sometimes feigning vomiting would make my mother feel guilty and force her to allow me to eat something of my choice. Mealtimes like these often resulted in a battle of wills between my mother and me. I hated Indian food with a passion; however, overtime, I developed a liking for the Basmati rice dish and consider the dish to be one of my favorites these days. My mother helped me finally developed a taste for the Indian delicacy. The time even came when my mom and I finally reached a food compromise. Agreeing that I would eat the Indian food that she cooked, provided that she asked me what I wanted her to cook for me first. In the end, that was actually an agreement that worked well for us. Not only did we bond because we learned to respect each others choices in life, but I also ended up learning how to appreciate Indian delicacies as well. The most important memory from my childhood stems from the times when I would watch English television. I remember my sister and I would spend hours glued to Nickelodeon. Imagine our dismay when we turned on the TV one day to discover that our mother, in an effort to curb the Westernization of our way of life, chose to cancel our American cable subscription and add Indian channels. My sister and I were becoming strangers in our own land. When we complained, our mother explained that she wanted us to be able to understand and speak Hindi, in addition to the Guajarati that we grew

Real Time flash flood forcasting Research Proposal

Real Time flash flood forcasting - Research Proposal Example Such a plan is aimed at raising the preparedness levels and making response activities by the local authorities’ and the general public more efficient especially during a flash flood3. Such plans integrate the use of technological variables of weather forecasting and GIS-based system for data management processing. This research is aimed at contributing to the development of integrating flash flood management plan in some flood prone areas. The most important things about planning for a flash flood is warning the general public and the response to the floods ensuring that loss of lives and property is minimal. Warnings about flash floods are transmitted by the meteorological departments and the hydrological services in various countries. In all flood management plans, organization and dissemination of information to warn the people is the most important thing4. The first element of a flashflood management strategy is finding out about all those who are at risk and whatever else is at risk. Risk is determined through assessing by establishing the hazards, the levels of exposure and the vulnerability of the people. The hazard entails the magnitude and the probability of occurrence of the flood5. This information can be given in form of maps which outline the borders of the areas at risk and their expected velocity6. Exposure on the other hand is the information of all those who are in danger as well as all what is in harms way. Vulnerability entails the expected losses which are looked at in terms of the geophysical, economic and the societal attributes of a given region. By establishing all the three elements enables those involved in the flood management to adopt the most effective strategies, be it to deal with engineering problems or dealing with the social challenges7. To establish the extent of the three elements, a risk analysis must be conducted. Metrological and hydrological data is essential in determining the hazard levels of an

The Socio-Cultural impacts of late night tourists on residents of Ayia Essay

The Socio-Cultural impacts of late night tourists on residents of Ayia Napa - Essay Example After the 1974 war in Cyprus, Ayia Napa has developed from being a small fishing town to one of Europe’s finest destinations. Through out the years it has experienced a mixture of changes in tourism demographics, by attracting visitors interested in the local culture twenty years ago to visitors who are mostly interested in clubbing now. This new inflow of mass tourism has affected the socio-cultural lifestyle of the village. Late night tourists are the visitors who come to Ayia Napa for clubbing and entertainment mainly. The number of the young tourists has rose in the last decades. Page and Connel (2009) argue that Sociocultural impacts are directly related with the host community of the destination and occur when tourists cause changes to the individual behaviour, social relationships, culture, lifestyle and value systems of the locals. Mathieson and Wall (1982) as well as Wolf (1977) agree and also state that the socio-cultural impacts are the different effects that tourists have on the host communities. Cooper et al (2008) note that the socio-cultural impacts can be both, positive and negative. Wall and Mathieson (2008) claim that most of the impacts are negative in contrast to the economic impacts that tourism can have on a host destination. Affeld (1975, cited in Wall and Mathieson, 2008) argues that the cultural and social impacts of tourism fall into three categories; the tourist, the host and tourist-host interrelationships. Fox (1977, cited in Wall and Mathieson, 2008, pp. 220) states that â€Å"The social and cultural impacts of tourism are the way in which tourism is contributing to changes in value systems, individual behaviour, family structure and relationships, collective lifestyles, safety levels, moral conduct, creative expressions, traditional ceremonies and community organisations†. Goeldner and Ritchie (2006) notes that local peoples attitudes and mode of life is determined by the way visitors

Social Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Issue - Essay Example I. Thank You for Smoking At times, the feelings that sound produces is so compelling that albeit it contradicts we understand to be scientifically true, we hold to it anyhow. Although we understand, for instance, that since space is a vacuum sound cannot be transmitted in it, we are entirely obliged by the sounds of intergalactic battle or only spaceships travelling at perverting speed in almost every space. Conversely the explosion of a gunshot never sound as enjoyably long or loud in actual life as they do in Thank for Smoking Again with the bass cranked way up. Ultimately, in many of those great Hollywood musicals, the greatest songs are not really performed by Audrey Hepburn, but by little known singers like Marnie Nixon, whose faces and statures don’t seem as attractive on-screen a those of the key stars. The director of Thank you for Smoking was keen on resounding applause for Nick Naylor huge sum than the real viewers of extras is able to offer. Thank you for Smoking ha s sound tracks that augment sounds that are not effortlessly available as ambient noise. At times, sounds can be amplified to a film from the annals of sound effects. There is also sound prop, including the floor, which has offered different forms of footfalls. Thank you for Smoking rolls on the screen, and the sound artist has matched the type of sound the filmmaker wanted to the images projected (Leo 1). In some scenes the images changes from solid, sprightly colors that bounce off the screen to a darker, grainer, more dark and dowdy, less colorful appearance when the lead character is away from Loring’s. In general, the contrast works perfectly well, and the image actually appears its best whereas the setting is at the Loring household. The episodes, such like as standard shot of Juno after the start of the movie, appears exceptionally soft. A Reddish tint appears to find its way in at times, noticed frequently in skin tones. All the colors are a bit dreary, certainly on t he end of the spectrum and entirely opposite of Thank You For Smoking. Better yet, it is effectual and establishes the mood of the movie. The lighting Juno however will quite never be reference grade material on Blue ray, the lighting is definitely a plus, and recreates the mood of the movie with a laidback authority (Leo 1). The editing of the film Thank for Smoking has both its strong and weak points. But the continuity editing errors seem to surpass the editing strong points. For instance, in the last dinner meeting of the Merchants of Death, the gun lobbyist gets a share of pie with cheese on it. He takes a small bite; consequently the alcohol lobbyist assaults it with her fork for a bite, hauling all the cheese off and tumbling the little American flag in it. The next continuity mistake is shown in the subsequent shot; a lock up of the dessert, all the cheese is back on it and the flag is vertical again. Finally when they are editing their last dinner, the cheese atop the apple pie becomes unmelted and then melted continuously between shots. The other editing error that is seen in the movie is during the Subcommittee Hearing episode. The person slumped on the seat comfortably behind Nick Naylor, on the left, transforms repeatedly between scenes. Right before he is requested to come forward, the seat is taken by a certain lady

Health promotion theroy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health promotion theroy - Coursework Example This theory is normally based on the fact that the readiness of an individual to act depends on his or her own perceptions. These perceptions include severity of the consequences, the potential benefits, and cost of taking that particular action as well as the susceptibility. The main advantage of this theory is that subsequent interventions can be planned and made on the basis of the response of an individual towards these concepts. This theory was purposely developed to respond to the issue of the failure of the free TB health screening plan. This model can be used to look into a number of both short-term and long-term health behaviors which include the transmission of HIV/AIDS and other sexual risk behaviors (Glanz & Lewis, 2002). This theory argues that a person will normally take a health-related act such as using a condom if he feels that HIV can be avoided, expects a positive result by using protection and if he believes that he can effectively take an optional health action. This theory is very useful when planning for the community health program. You will be in a position to predict the proper plan of action to take after taking these studies in the community. However, it is worth noting that the theory does not look into other aspects of the individual such as the environment in which they live (John,

A Study on the Apostolic Creed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A Study on the Apostolic Creed - Essay Example But what is difficult for us to understand is this Powerful Being; whose powers we can barely even begin to comprehend actually personally cares about us. Even David asks Him, â€Å"what is man that You care about him so much†. We know that God cares about us and protects us. Our Parents take care of us and protect us. Our Mother nurtures us. Our Father protects us and guides us. For me that is the most natural way to look at God, as a Father. And the reason for that is not to assign him male attributes, because he is beyond that but because I see in Him somebody who cares and protects me, but also gives order and meaning to my life. And this in no way means that I consider a Mother’s role secondary in a family , because it is not but because the Father is the Head of the household and you can trust Him to take care of it. Many religions and many individuals have a very private approach to religion. In these readings you will find that there is an underlying communal approach found in the Catholic Church. From what you have read, why do you think Catholics emphasize communal religion and/or which reason do you find most satisfying for this approach even if it is not your personal style. The Catholic Church stresses the communal dimension of all the sacraments, seeing them as "community events," not private rituals.2 The reason for that I think is that for many years and even perhaps centuries , the church seemed a distant organization which the Church Parish had to observe as spectators. That is actually quite ironic considering that crucification of Jesus Christ the Curtain separating the Tabernacle from the people was torn in half since now there was nothing separating man and God. The communal nature of the Catholic Church involves everybody in the Church Parish and in many ways takes the Church to them and so it is something personal to them. Experience and response is the focal point of these readings. What was the most unique experience Christians had of Christ (according to The Creed) and what are some of the ways they responded The unique experience which Christians had of Christ was that By his Revelation, the invisible God, from the fullness of his love, addressed men as his friends, and moved among them, in order to invite and receive them into His company. When the Lord of the Universe comes down among us and extends an Invitation to us, the only thing we can do is accept it. And that is what the Christians did by faith and belief.3 The Faith was to God , but the belief was twofold , it was to the Truth and to the Person who was witness to the truth. Teilhard de Chardin has a very mystical view of creation and our participation in it. What are two or three of the most interesting things he has to say about this relationship and what do you think they mean. Teilhard de Chardin thinks that creation was not one act at one moment but is a continuous event. And indeed that is way it makes most sense theologically. We know on a personal level that God deeply cares about us and knows the smallest thing which effects us. But at the same time we want to say the He created this Universe long ago in one instant and then left it alone. Creation is not an event but is something which is continuous and indeed continues even now. Our limited understanding perhaps required this to be a linear event. But God is beyond time and space. And that is why this apparent argument between Religion and

Health promotion theroy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health promotion theroy - Coursework Example This theory is normally based on the fact that the readiness of an individual to act depends on his or her own perceptions. These perceptions include severity of the consequences, the potential benefits, and cost of taking that particular action as well as the susceptibility. The main advantage of this theory is that subsequent interventions can be planned and made on the basis of the response of an individual towards these concepts. This theory was purposely developed to respond to the issue of the failure of the free TB health screening plan. This model can be used to look into a number of both short-term and long-term health behaviors which include the transmission of HIV/AIDS and other sexual risk behaviors (Glanz & Lewis, 2002). This theory argues that a person will normally take a health-related act such as using a condom if he feels that HIV can be avoided, expects a positive result by using protection and if he believes that he can effectively take an optional health action. This theory is very useful when planning for the community health program. You will be in a position to predict the proper plan of action to take after taking these studies in the community. However, it is worth noting that the theory does not look into other aspects of the individual such as the environment in which they live (John,